Typewriting machine



May 16, 1933 wfF. HELMOND 1,909,764 l TYPEWRITING MAGHNE Filed .June 2s. 1929 2 sheets-sheet 1 May 16, 1933. w. F. HELMOND TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed June `26. 1929. 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 //7 Ver; for:

by MKM AO/"H Patented-Mayy y16, 1933 ltrue it with the-type-bars.

TESY

. PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAI l'. HELMOND, OF WEST HARTFORD,

CONNECTICUT, .ASSIGNOR '.130 UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., CORPORATION OF DELAWARE TYPEWRITING MACHINE Application med June 26,

This invention relatesto .a step-by-step carriage-feeding mechanism of typewritlng machines. I

In the Underwood machine, the universal bar isactuable by any type-bar and forms part of a train whose movement effects the printing stroke of the type-bar, and at the beginning' of its return stroke, and. extreme accuracy of operation of said feedlng dogs and vof the universal-bar frame is necessary, and especially that the universal-bar frame shall be i'ven uniform movements by all of the typears.v To secure this movement is found difficult, owing to the fact that said frame is large, and that the universal bar is lengthy, and the entire structure has to be made very light, so as to secure speed of operation. The diiiiculty arises from weakness, due to the lightness.

l' It is therefore found necessaryin finishing up a machine in the factory, and finally 1n inspecting the same before its delivery to customer, to give the universal-bar mechanism severe tests, and sometimes it becomes necessary to trueup the universal-bar frame by bendmg it. There has also been adopted means for adjusting either end of the universal-bar frame,-forwardly or. backwardly, to

adjustment is diiiicult, because `the universalbar frame is hemmed in at the front by the type-bars, at the rear by the escapementmechanism, at the bottom by the key-levers, at the top by the carriage and at the sides by various other moving parts of the-machine, and the universal-bar mechanism is intermingled with To gain access to the universal-bar frame, it has been necessary oftentimes to remove the escapement-wheel and also the dog-rockerthereby disturbing their adjustments, and also disturbing certain adjustments of the universal-bar mechanism. These various parts may have to be removed, replaced and uniformity of.

This bending and f the escapement-mechanism.

1928. Serial No. 373,731.

readjusted several times before the machine reaches the customer, and in consequence it is a t to develop faults when put into use at high) speed. A V L One of the` objects of the invention is to reorganize the universal-bar mechanism and also the parts controlled thereby,- with aview' to overcoming the above-mentioned and other difficulties. y the invention an advantage is secured in the reorganization of the umversal-bar frame and its sup erts to form an entirely separate unit or apartment in lthe machine,\apart from the ldog-rocker and the escapement-mechanism, and also in the separate reorganization of' the dog-rocker and escapement-wheel mechanism to form a separate cluster of parts.l

A further feature is the reorganization of the escapement-wheel and dog-rocker mechamsm as aI separately made and assembled unit, having its own separate skeleton or frame, and providing for ready attachment of said escapement-unit to the machine and detachment of the same from the machine independently of the universal-bar mechanism, thus affording ready access to the latter from the rear, without the necessity of disturbing any adjustment of any part of the escapement-wheel unit, or the adjustment of any part of the universal-bar unit.

The frame of the escapement-unit is in the` form of a bracket, which is given a broad bearing on the mount to which it is attached, and four well-separated screws are used for astening said escapement upon said mount, whereby the escapement-unit can be brought mechanically to the exact position required for` co-operation with the escapement-rack of the typewriter-carriage. y

The universal-bar mechanism is reorganized as a separae unit which may be manufactured and its parts assembled and in-- serted bodily in the machine. This universal-bar unit has its ownr separate? frame which has a broad base, and is given broad support ujsion the main framin of the typewriter. aid bracket inclu es posts or standards which form the mount upon which the escapement-wheelunit is fastened. The escapement-bracket is provided with a front- 'lasl vertical face, which is `iastened to the rear from the machine-frame and drawn back of its mount on the universal-frame bracket;

and the escapement-wheel frame is afforded room for vertical movement when inserting it into the machine and bringing it to its place upon said post. The escapementwheel bracket may first be removed, and the universal-bar unit may then be loosened 'out of the machine. No adjustment is disturbed when removing either the escapement-wheel unit or the universal-bar unit.

In an Underwood machine it is the practice to use a cone-headed screw to form an v the escapement-mechanism,

adjustable stop for the loose dog of the carreorganization of riage-escapement. In the this screw is discarded, and there is substituted for it a rod compact, with a view to improving thetouch upon the type-keys; use 'of two springs, one universal-bar frame, each justable independently,

for each side of the spring being vadthereby securing sensitiveness and accuracy of 'operation of the universal bar;

The universal-bar 4frame is made of a casting of duralumin or aluminum, and isfitted with hardened steel bushings for bearings, to secure extreme lightness, quickness and accuracy of operation.

Other features of the improvement relate tol the space-key, which operates the carriage-feedingdogs without moving the usual ink-ribbony in any way, while provision is made for ready disconnection of the spacekey train from the -escapement-wheel unit lwhen it is desired to remove said unit from the machine.

Other lfeatures and advantages will hereinafter appear. u

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation show- -ving the invention of the novel escapementmechanism unit removably attached to a novel supportin frame provided in the typewriting mac ine, and showing the dogrocker in its operated position.

Figure 2 is a central sectional side elevation of anl Underwood typewriting machine havingthe present improvements incorporated therein.

vof the invention is the' and one feature is the- Figure `3 is a part-sectional plan of an improved universal-bar mechanism. u, Figure 4 is a rear elevation of the upper part of the escapement-mechanism lunit.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of certain of the present improvements, showing the novel escapement-mechanism unit separated from the novel supporting frame.

Figure 6 is a sectional elevation` of rocker.

or' connected swinging guide-arms upon which the universal bar isV plvotally lsupported at. its rear.

Figure 7 is a perspective view to illustrate the means fortruing the universal bar by adjusting forwardly or backwardly one of the gudgeons of the universal bar guiding frame seen at Figure 6. 1 l

Figure 8 is a perspectiveof anovel supporting frame yforv the universal-bar mec anism, forming therewith a detachable unit which is lmounted in the main frame of `the typewriter; f this detachable supporting frame including a pair of standards, to

which is attachable then escapement-mech-K anism'unit seen iat Figure 5. Y, I

The carriage 10 of the ,typtewxitingv machine runs upon guide-rails, of which one is seen at 1v1, and is driven by a spring-barrel I I 12, and carries a frame 13"1n which is jourv naled a platen 14; said platen-frame 13 'running upon a shift rail forming partfof a frame 15 which is shiftable up and down and includes a rock-'shaft 16.

Type-bars 17 are transverse vertical gment 19, to swing against the laten 1 The type-bars are operated by eys 20 upon levers 21, which are fulcrumed upon a horizontal transverse rod 22, and provided with returning springs 23, said rod 22 being mounted in the base 24 of the typewriting machine, said base including rear wall 25. The vkey-levers 21 are connected to the'type-bars by means of a system of bell-cranks 26, pivoted upon a fulcrum-rod 27, which is carried by a transverse stii'ening bar 28 joining the sides of the base 24, As s o far described, the parts are in common use in Underwood typewriting machines.

The' shoulders 29 of the type-bars strike vertically against a crescent-shaped universal bar 30, arranged at the back of the segment 19 and suitably guided for backward parallel movement, so that it may be operated the same by all the type-bars. This universal' bar forms part of a" reciprocating frame of which another main member is 1n lthe form .of a skeleton plate, table `or body 31, which is rigidly secured to the universal bar 30 by means of side ears 32, which may be bent down from the plate and riveted to the universal bar 30. This universal-bar plate 31 is provided ati-ts rear'with ears 33,

whereby it is pivoted at -34 to the upper. ends of a pair ofrocking arms 35, `36, which are,-v

lvoted at v18upon a 100 les integral with a transverse rock-shafty 37, from which they rise for the purpose of guiding the universal bar 30 and thev frame 3l. The front guide for the universal-bar frame is in the form of a tongue 38, which is fitted to slide in a guide-bearing 39 in the wall of segment 19. I-

One of the main functions of the universal bar is performed by means of an ear or abutment 40 which is bent down at the rear end thereof, to serve as a tappet,'striking against a projection 41 that is provided upon a rocker 42, having a detent-dog 43 and a feeding dog 44, both dogs adapted to mesh with the teeth of an escapement-wheel 45, which is driven by a pinion 46, the latter being in mesh-with a rack 47 which is hung in the usual manner upon the typewriter-carriage 10; whereby at the operation of the keys 20, the spring-barrel 12 is permitted to advance the carriage step by step under the control of the escapement-dogs 43, 44.

For supporting the universal-bar mechanism as an entirety, there is provided in the typewriting machine a novel detachable internal frame, including base-portion 48 and standards 49, 50 rising from opposite sides thereof. One of the uses of said standards is' to carry spreading arms 51, having upon their outer endsbosses 52, to carry the journals of the rocking frame 35, 36, 37. The base 48 is detachably fastened down upon the rear wall 25 of the typewriter-base by means of screws 53. Said base 48 extends forwardly to rest upon separated bearings 54 that are cast upon the cross-bar 28 of the framework; the front of the base 48 being detachably secured by screws 55 upon said bearings 54, thereby increasing the stiffness of the typewriter-framework, and providing a rigid support for the universal-bar mechanism and other carriage-feeding parts presently to be described in detail.

The frame 48, 49, 50 taken with the rocker.-

`35, 36, 37 and the universal-bar frame 31 and appurtenancesform a manufacturmg assemblage which may be fabrlcated as a unit and then inserted bodily in the typewriting machine, with the guiding tongue 38 inserted in the guide-hole 39 in the type-bar segment.

Then the unit may be fastened in place' by the screws 53, 55.

This unit7 it will be seen, may include returning springs 56 for the universal bar. At their rear ends the springs are caught upon projecting Shanks 57 of pivot-screws 34, which jo-i'n the universal-bar frame to the rocking frame 35,36, '37. At their forward ends the springs are caught upon bends 58 which project from the forward ends of rods 59, whose rear ends are rigidlymounted in bosses 60. The tension of each spring 56 may be regulated independently of the otherv spring, by adjusting its rod 59 forwardly or backwardly within its bearing 60, and then fastening the rod by set-screw 61. These springs occupy positions nearly at the extreme sides of the universal-'bar frame, and the adjustment of one spring independently of the other makes 1t Vpracticable to secure easy, accurate and sensitive operation of the universal-bar frame. The spring-bosses 60 are secured upon the ends of plates 62,l which are attached by screws 63Ito the front faces of the standards 49 and 50. A

The right-hand plate 62 is provided with a stop-arm 64, which occupies a position in front of said lug 40 that is bent down from the rear of the universal-bar frame 31. Lug 40 is normally held against the stop-arm 64 bymea'ns of said returning springs 56. The stop-arm 64 is of substantial length, to render it capable of being bent forwardly or backwardly for the purpose of adjusting the normal-position of the universal bar, to aid in securing sensitiveness and accuracy at high speed of operation. The lug 40 thus serves as a stop, as well as a tappet for striking the projection 41 on the dog-rocker to operate the same.

The universal-bar frame must vibrate at high speed and must therefore be very light, as well as accurate in operation,A and necessarily it is made an object of considerablel attention, both when manufacturing the machine and subsequently in repairing and adjusting the same. The universal-bar frame, however, has been fabricated and assembled as a permanent portion of themachine, and has been rendered inaccessible by reason of its confined position under the typewritercarriage and between the typewriter-segment and the carriage-escapement mechanism and over the key-lever system. Considerable advantage therefore is derived from the present invention in combining the universalbar frame and its appurtenances into a manufacturing assemblage or unit with itssupversal bar being found perhaps to set too far back at one end and too far forward at the other end, so'that it is operated unequally by different type-bars, with corresponding inequality in the vibrations of the escapement-dog rocker and ribbon-vibrator. Adjustment of the universal bar to overcome "the trouble is readily effected by1 mounting either end of the rocker-frame 35,l 36, 37 upon a stud 65, Figures 6 and 7, which extends from an eccentric 66 journaled in the lefthand bearing 52, Figure 3.y The eccentric has a head 67, provided with a screw-driver nick 68, so that it may be rotated, thereby bars. Aftersuch adjustment is effected, the 1 ,5 stop-arm 64 may be bent a trifle forwardly or -backwardly accordingly, vto correct the f normal position of the universal-bar frame.

' The head 67 of the eccentric may be provid ed with notches 69,- into any one of which may be set a pin 70 forlocking the adjusted trunnion, siad pinvbeing inserted in the end ofthe bearing 52. l i

. The movements of the universal-bar rocker 35, 36, 37 are rendered sensitive and accurate by means of bearings which include sets of balls 71 running in races that are formed in l heads 72 of bushings 73 which are forced into the ends of the rock-shaft 37. The stud 65 is cone-pointed to co-operate with its set of balls, and a cone-point 74 is provided for the otherset of balls. The point 74 is formed upon a screw-stud 75, which is threaded for' longitudinal adjustment, to take up play of the rocker in both bearings; the screw 75 being secured by means of a set-screw 76. The

, balls may be retained by `means of elasticmetal retaining rings 77 that are inserted in interior grooves 78 formed in the heads 72 of the bushings; saidrings being split to permit them to be inserted in the open heads of the bushings, and to snap into the grooves. The openings in the bushing-heads 72 are cuppedat 79 to form races for the balls.

the bearing52, so that it will not be liable to rotate or. slip accidentally in saidbearing; v

and it may be fastened by a set-screw 80, Figure 5, at any point to which it may be adjusted. The bushings 73 are made of steel, and are driven into their seats 81 in the rocking frame, the latter being cast of aluminum or duralumin vfor lightness. At their upper ends the rock-arms 35, 36 may be provided with steel bushings 82, perforated axially to receive pivot-pins 34, the latter having said -threaded shanks or extensions 57. In other words, said pivot-pins have the form of bolts, each bolt passing through an ear 84, which is bent down from the universal-bar frame, and beingI passed through a companionear 3 3, the bushing 82 occupying a position between said ears, and the bolt being secured -byanut86. .A

It will be seen that all of the foregoing universal-bar mechanism and appurtenances are assembled u on the internal framev 48-50, and may a ter assemblage be inserted bodily therewith in the machine. The'for. wardly-projecting tongue 38 -fits in the horizontal guide-slot 39 in the segment, Figure 3, and at its opposite side edges is guided by hardened steel pins 87, which are forced into perforations 88 formed in the segmentwall 19. These pins maybe in the form of shortbushings, avoiding wear and conducing The eccentric 66 may have a tight fit in to easy movement of the universal bar. Thel tongue is `cut out at 89 within the hole or gui e-slot 39, to give clearance, and avoid liability of binding, and also to aid in keeping the slot clean. y l

The usual ribbon-vibrator arm 90 is seen at Figures 3 and 5, for carrying a ribbonvibrator 91 up. and down; said universal-bar plate being slotted at 92 to afford clearance for said arm 90. The cutaway 89 also affords access to the joint between the arm 90 and the vibrator 91.-

From the foregoing it will be understood that, after securing the lusual ribbon-vibrating bracket 144 upon the universal-bar fra'me 31, the entire structure, including the universal-bar frame, the rocking frame 35, 36, 37, the springs 56, etc., may be inserted as a unit into the machine, and detachably secured by the screws 53 and 55; `whereupon the ribbon-winding mechanism may be attached (by means of a screw 93) to an arm 94, which e .extends from the rock-shaft 37. Said ribbon-winding mechanism includes a link 95 which is pendent from said screw 93, and is pivoted at its lower end to an arm 96, which extends rearwardly from a horizontal transverse rock-shaft 97. This rock-shaft may be mounted at its left-hand end in a bearing 98 formed upon the base 48 of the universalbar unit. At its other end, the rock-shaft 97 is mounted in a bearing'99, which is removably attached to cross-bar 28 and corresponds to the bearing heretofore usually provided upon said transverse bar 28. This rock- ,100 shaft 97 is therefore actuated at every typebar stroke, and is employed for driving the lusual pawl (not shown) for winding the ribbon-spools (not shown). Said shaft 97 may be loosened and withdrawn from bearing 98 105 preparatory to withdrawal of bracket 48 from the machine. The bearing 99 is not upon bracket 48. Or the rock-shaft 97 may be taken off together with the bracket 48. after the bracket 99 has been disconnected 110 from 28. l

The universal-bar mechanism is thus rendered compact, and 'the moving parts lightened and simplified, and the cost-of manufacture reduced; while said mechanism is rendered easy of access for cleaning and repair and replacement of worn orinjured parts.

There now remains to be` described the car,-v riage-escapement unit, which includes a detachable frame whereon are mounted the escapement-wheel 45 and the escapement dogrocker 42. One. of the advantages of the invention is that this escapement-unit may be yremoved alone, without disturbing its adjustments, thus giving access to the univer- 'l sal-bar'unit already described, for inspection' and cleaning and repair, or for removing the universal-barl unit bodily from the machine.

One-of the uses of the posts 50 which rise 13C rear faces of the posts 50, by removable screws 101.

from the base 4'8 of' the universal-bar unit, is'to provide supporting meansto which the escapement-unit can be detachably secured.

he esca'pement-unit for this purpose includes an open Aframe (Figure 5), and its side members 100 are fitted back against the where they are held The escapement-wheel and the pinion 46 are mounted in the top member 102 which joins said side members 100; and a bottom cross-bar 103 joins the lower ends of said side members 100, thus forming a stili open frame.

The pinion46 may have the one-way connection to the escapement-wheel 45 which is usual in Underwood machines, and is shown in Patent 1,411,024, granted to me March 28, 1922.

The escapement-wheel is rovided with a hub 104, which extends wit in a stationary bushing 105, that is inserted formed upon the top cross-bar or portion 102 of the escapement-wheel frame. This bushing is cupped on its front and rear ends to receive bearing-balls 107. The front circle of bear-ingballs runs upon a cone 108 formed at the base of the wheel-hub 104. The rear circle of bearing-balls is retained by a cap in the form of a cupped head 109, which is rigidly secured upon the end of the hub 104 by means of a screw 110.

In order to secure a suicient tightness of the balls in the races, the innerface of the cupped head 109 may be tted to the en'd of the wheel-hub 104,1by filing off the inner face of the head 109, as re uired. The bushing 105 is forced into the oss 106. The escapement-wheel and the ratchet-wheel form a unit which is readily mounted upon the escapement-frame before the latter 1s attached to the typewriting machine.

It will be seen that the bearings of the escapement-wheel are made very compact, and especiall that they, occupy a greatly reduced space 1n rear of the escapement-wheel 45, to permit the escapement-wheel vunit to drop in front of the rock-shaft 16 (of th platen-shifting frame) when it is desired to remove the escapement-frame unit from the typewriter.

The detent-dog 43, having the usual -beveled working face and normally` out ofl engagement with the escapement-wheel 45, rises from rocker 42, which is supported at its ends upon cone-bearings 112, which are formed upon the inner ends of screws 113, threaded through the opposite vertical arms 100 of the frame of the escapement unit, and secured vby set-screws 114. As the shock of arresting the carriage is taken by said rocker 42, the cone-pivots 112 are formed upon the ends of thinned necks 115, which are suiciently weak to'be resilient and capable of yielding under said shocks,

' lier or later in a boss 106 -an inexpensive resilient and thereby reducing rocker projection 41, which is threaded for adjustment and'is vprovided with a head,

whereby it may be turned for securing earoperation of the do -1ocker. This screw 41 is pinched between t e opposite sides of a slotted member 116, formed upon the dog-rocker `42. l

When the type-bar is operated andthe universal bar is thrust back and the dog-rocker is Vibrated, the detent-dog 43 enters a notch in the escapement-wheel 45, while the stepping dog 44 escapes from said wheel, and at this time is vibrated past a tooth of the wheel by means of a draw-spring 117. Said dog` 44 has this independent vibration upon a pivot 118 provided upon the dog-rocker 42. The movement of the dog 44 is limited by a conestop 119, which is resiliently and inexpensively supported upon the end of a rod 120,

the vlatter being threaded through the upper art of one of the sides 100 of thefescapement rame. The threading. permits fine ad'ustment of thecone-stop, which is secured y a set-screwv 121. The cone-carrying rod 120 extends a great distance from the frame-member 100, and is made thin, and possesses much resiliency, whereby the dog is provided with stop. It is also noted that the stop is mounted upon a fixture, and therefore does not add weight to the dog-rocker, which it is desired to lighten, since it must vibrate at high speed. The spring 117 causes the dog 44 to slide along the cone-sto 119, the cam serving as a guide to direct t e dog 44 back to normal position; this return movement being caused by the pull of the spring said' spring extendin iagonall'y for lthls purpose from an anc orage 122 to a point of connection on ythe dog 44.

Upon the escapement-frame isalso mounted one end of a train of mechanism, whereby the usual space-key 123 may operate the dog rocker and thereb feed the carria e, without actuating the ribbon either to vi rate it up and down to cover the printing point, or to feed 'it longitudinally. Thel space-key 123v therefore does not operate the universal-bar frame 31(11pon which is mounted a part of the ribbon-vibrating train), nor the rockshaft 97 which winds the key 123 ma be mounted upon a pair of arms 124, exten ing forwardly from a rock-shaft 125, having a returning spring 126.

quiet adjustable 117 upon the dog,

ribbon. The space- Upwardly from the rock-shaftrnay extend 'Y The forward stroke of and integral therewith. When the s an arm 127, having at its top a stud 128, whereby it is connected to a link 129, which vextends rearwardly, and at its rear end is detachably connected by means of a screw 130 with an adjustable knuckle 131, which is threaded upon the forward end of a horizontal rod or screw 132, which extends rearwardly and is rovided at its rear end with a head 133, forming a lug or hook which'engages an arm 134 depending from the dog-rocker 42 ace-key 123 is de ressed, the arm 127 movesA orwardly, the hnk 129 is carried forward, together withthe knuckle 131 and the rod 132, and also the lever or head 133, vibrating the arm 134 backwardly to the dotted line position, as at Figure 2, thus effecting rearward movev,ment of the dog-rocker, so that the carriage is fed upon the release of the space-key 123 from pressure. Said stud 128 may have a head, and the link 129 may be rovided with a ke -hole slot 135 to permit etachment of the orward end of the link. The screw 130 is taken out when it is desired to remove the escapement-wheel lunit 102, 103 from the machine. By screwing the o erating rod 132 more or less into the knuc le 131, rearward adjustment'may be secured between the head 133 and the arm 134 of the dog-rocker, so as to control the timing of the carriagefeed.

The knuckle 131 may be s lit, and the screw 132 pinched by means o a screw v136. the arm 134 is limited by an abutment 137, formed upon a screw 138 threaded into a boss 139 upon an arm 140,

There may thus be determined the point of arrest of the dog-rocker when operated by the space-key.

The head 133 may serve not only as a lug under the control of the space-key 123, but

'may also serve as a sto for determining the to vary the normal. position of the do -rocker 42 then the screw 132 may be turne into or qout of the head 131, and the adjustment may be secured by screw 136. l

The rod 132 is slidably supported in an axial hole 143 provided in the screw 138; and the members 132 and 131 are detached from the machine as part of the escapement-unit, so that it is not necessary to disturb any adjustment in order to remove said unit from .the machine. The remaining adjustments ulpon the escapement-unit are undisturbed in l' emanner.

which projects forwardly from the cross-bar 103 of the escapement-frame.

In reassembling the unit, the escapementwheel and upper portion of the ,unit are passed up'behind the rock-shaft-16 of the shift-frame,l while the arm 140 and projecting members 132 and 131 are .thrust back under the rock-shaft 37 of the universalsbarl unit, and the screw 130 is then connected. This provides a satisfactory nesting ofthe escape-l ment-unit and the universal-bar unit, and produces a compact mechanism of a few small parts, inexpenslvely made and assembled and placed upon the machine and adjusted.

Variationsmay be resorted to within the scope of the invention,and portions of the im rovements may be used wlthout others.-

aving thus described my invention, I claim: l l

1. In a front-strike typewriting machine having radiating type-bars, the-combination with a curved universal bar movable rear.- wardlyby the type-bars, and a carriageescapement mechanism operable by the universal bar, of a body to the front of which the universal bar is fixed a guide for the vfront of said body, a rocking rame to which said body 1s direct y hinged to form its rear guide, said rocking frame being between .the carriageescapement mechanism and the universal bar, said rocking frame bein a single stout, torsionresisting casting o aluminum and includlng a rock-shaft and arms, the length of| sald rocking frame approximating the width of the universal bar, bushings of hard metal in theends of said aluminum rocking frame, opposite supportsv provided upon the typewrltmg machlne, and trunnions mounted in said supports and extending towards each other to support said rocking frame, said trunnions being relatively adjustable.

, 2. In'a front-strike typewriting machine having 4radiating type-bars, the combination.

with a curved universal bar movable rearwardly by the type-bars, and a carriageescapement mechanism operable by the universal bar of a body to the front of-which the universal bar is xed,\a guide for the front of said bod a rocking frame to which said body is direct y hinged to form its'rear guide, said rocking frame being between vthe carriageescapement mechanism and the universal bar, opposite supports provided upon the typewriting machine, and trunnions mounted in said supports and extending towards each other to support said rockin frame, said trunnions being relatively a justable, said escapement forming part of a detachable unit, said unit also including carriage-escapement dogs and an esca-pement-wheel.

3. In a universal-bar mechanism for a typewriter, the combination of a bracket havmg standards, arms extending from said standards, a rocking frame j ournaled in said arms, a universal-bar frame hinged to said rocking frame tobe guided thereby, plates being atr tached to said standards, rods extending forwardly lfrom said plates, returning springs extending from said rods and-connected to said rocking frame, said rods being inde-v pendently adjustable in said pl ates,and means for securing each rod wherever adjusted, one of said plates having a lengthened arm which serves as a stop against which the 'universalbar frame is returned, said arm being bendable forwardly or backwardly for adjusting the normal position of the universal bar.

4. In a front-strike typewriting machine having a platen-carriage and type-bars mounted in a segment below the platen, the combination of a universal-'bar system 1nv cluding a frame mounted in rear of said segment to be operated by the type-bars and extending rearwardly from the segment, and also including a rocking frame having a pau of vertical arms whereon the universal-bar frame is pivoted, a bracket forming part of the typewriter-framing at the rear of sald universal-bar system and supporting thelatter, said bracket having portions forming a mount, a rear verical bracket removably attached to said mount and forming part of an escapement-wheel unit, said vertical bracket having mounted thereon in rear of said mount a carriage-escapement system including a wheel and a dog-rocker, said dogrocker having a part engageable by said universal-bar frame for actuation.

5. In a front-strike typewriting machine having a platen-carriage nand type-bars mounted in a segment below the platen, the combination with a universal-bar unit including a bracket attached to the main frame of the machine, a pair of rocker-arms mount: ed on said bracket, and a universal-bar frame uided upon said rocker-arms, said bracket aving at its rear portion standards forming a mount, of an escapement-wheel unit detachably secured upon said mount, and including a rotary esc'apement-wheel mechanism mounted in the upper part of said unit, and also including feed-dogs mounted between the sides of said unit for operation by said universal bar.

6. In a typewriting machine having a platen-carriage, a system of vrearwardlystriking type-bars and a segment therefor below the carriage, the combination of a bracket erected upon the framing of themachine below the carriage, having separated posts thereon, bearings provided upon said posts, a rocking frame journaled in said bearings, a universal-bar frame pivoted upon said rocking frame and operated by the typebars, and an escapement-unit including a frame detachably bolted to the top and bottom of each of said posts, and also including a rotaryn escapement-mechanism mounted on the upper part of said detachable frame" to control said carriage, and al dog-rocker mounted in saiddetachable frame and operprovided upon said bracket, and an escapement-wheel unit including a vertical frame detachably bolted to the top and bottom of each of said posts, a rotary escapementwheel mechanism pivoted on said` detachable frame, and a dog-rocker mechanism also mounted on said detachable frame to be operated by said universal-bar mechanism,l the 'universal-bar mechanism being forward of the escapement-wheel mechanism, and said detachable frame, together with the rotary escapemen't-wheel mechanism and the `dogrocker, forming a unit for'separate manufacture and attachment. if d 8. In a typewriting machine having a platen-carriage, a systemI Iof rearwardlystriking type-bars` and a segment therefor below the carriage, the combination of a universal-bar system including a bracket having separated posts and mounted upon the framework of the machine in rear of the type-bars and below the carriage, and an escapementunit including a fra e and a system of escapement-mechanism mounted thereon, and means for bolting said frame removably to said posts.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power-driven'carriage, an escapement-mechanism therefor including an escapement-wheel and a key-operated dogrocker to control said wheel, cone-pivots `for lsaid dog-rocker, shafts upon which said conepivots form heads, and means supporting said shafts for endwise adjustment, said cones being joined to said shafts by necks which are substantially thinner than the shafts for the purpose set forth.

10. In a typewritingmachine having a platen-carriage and a system 'of rearwardly-striking type-bars, the combination with a curved universal .bar movable rearwardly by the type-.bars and a carriage-esca ment mechanism operable by the universal ar, of a body to the front of which ythe-universal bar is fixed, a guide for the front of saidl body, a rocking frame to which saidbody is directly hinged to form its rear guide, said rocking frame being between the carriage-escapement mechanism andthe universal bar, a i bracket mounted upon the machine, forward of said escapement-mechanism, and havin separated posts, trunnions mounted in sai posts and extending towards each other to supportsaid rocking frame, said posts being in rear of the type-barsand below the carriage, an escapement-unit including a frame and a system of escapement-mechanism mounted thereon, said escapement-unit vni said dog to vibrate it to position to enter the next notch in the-escapement-wheel, a conestop lfor said dog formed upon the end of a rod, a support from which said rod projects,

said rod being adjustable endwise, and means for securing the rod where adjusted.

12. Ina typewriting machine, a carriageescapement unit including a frame, and also including aV rotary escapement-mechanism mounted on said frame, and also. including a dog-rocker provided with a feeding dog, a returning spring on said unit connected to said dog to vibrate itk to position to enter the next notch in the escapement-Wlieel, and a y cone-stop for said dog formed upon the end of a rod, said rod projecting'from said frame and being adjustable endwise, and said unit being detachable from the machine without l disturbing the adjustment of said stop.

13. A universal-bar unit for a typewriting machine having a broad base for attachment to the main frame of the machine, and having separated rear standards forming a mount for an escapement-wheel unit, a pair of rockerarms mounted on said base in front of said mount, and a forwardly-extending frame pivoted at its rear to said standards and carrying at its front end a curved `universal bar.

14. In a typewriting machine having a letter-feeding carriage, a key-operated universal bar, escapement-mechanism, and ribbon-vibrating mechanism operatedby saiduniversal bar, the combinationof a space-key, a springreturned train operated by said space-key, including a rock-shaft whereon said space-key is mounted, an arm extending from lsaid rockshaft, a link extending from said arm, a knuckle to which the end of the link is detachably connected, a rod upon which said knuckle is threaded, a lug provided upon the opposite end of said rod, a dog-rocker having an arm engagedby said lug to enable the space-key to rock the dog-rocker and feed the carriage, the operating rod being adjustable into the knuckle, and means for securing the rod ,where adjusted. y

sal bar, escapement-mechanism, and ribbonn vibrating mechanism operated by said universal bar, the combination of a space-key, a spring-returned train operated by said spacekey, including a rock-shaft whereon said space-key is mounted, an arm extending from said rock-shaft, alink extending from said arm, a knuckle to which the end of the link is detachablyl connected, a rod upon which said knuckle is threaded, a lug provided upon the opposite end of said rod, a dog-rocker having an arm engaged by said lug to enable the s ace-key to rock the dog-rocker and feed t e carriage, the operating rod being adjustable into the knuckle, means for securing the lrod where adjusted, a screw having an abutment serving'4 as anadjustable sto for said dog-rocker arm, said lug being adjustable to 'determine the normal position of the dogrocker, and a spring for holding said dogrocker against said stop, said space-key train having an arresting stop which determines the normal position of said lug.

16. In a typewriting machine having a letter-feeding carriage, a key-operated universal bar, escapement-mechanism, and ribbonvibrating mechanism operatedbyy said universal bar, the combination of a space-key, a

spring-returned train operated by said spacekey, including a rock-shaft whereon sa id spacekey is mounted, an arm extending from said rock-shaft, a link extending from said arm, a knuckle to which the end of the link is detachably connected, a rod upon which said knuckle is threaded, a lug provided upon the opposite end of said rod, a dog-rocker having an arm engaged by said lug to enable the space-key to rock the dog-rocker and feed the carriage, the' operating rod being adjustable into the knuckle, means for securing the rod where adjusted, said rod slidable axially through a v screw which is threaded into a fixture for endwise adjustment to determine. the length of stroke of the dog-rocker, the rod being adjustable endwise through said screw to'vary the normal positions of the lug and thedogrocker, and being for this purpose threaded into said knuckle, and means for securing the adjustment of the rod.

17. In a typewriting machine yhaving al Y letter-feeding carriage, a key-operated universal bar, escapement-mechanism, and ribbon-vibrating mechanism operated by said universal bar, the combination of a spacekey, a spring-returned train operated by said space-key, including a rock-shaft whereon said space-key is mounted, an arm extending from said rock-shaft, a link extending from said `arm a knuckle to which the end of the link is detachably connected, a rod upon which saidknuckle is threaded, a lugprovided u on the opposite end of said rod, a dog-roc er having anl arm engaged'by said t lug to enable the space-key to rock the dogrocker and feed the carriage the operating rod beingl adjustable into the knuckle, means for securin the rod where adjusted, said rod being slida is threaded into a fixture for endwise ad'ustment to determine the length of stroke o the Adog-rocker, the rod being adjustable endwise through said screw to vary the normal positions of the lug and the dog-rocker, and being for this purpose threaded into said knuckle and means for securing the adjustment of the rod, said knuckle, screw and rod forming parts of an escapement-unit which may be detached without disturbing any of the adjustments aforesaid.

18. In a typewriting machine having a carringe and escapement-mechanism therefor, i-nc uding a dog-rocker andan operating arm pendent from said dog-rocker, and also having a system of ke -levers, the combination of a transverse roc -shaft beneath the keylevers, a space-key mounted upon said arms and extending upwardly from said rockshaft, an upstanding arm on said rock-shaft, a link extendin rearwardly from said ar a fitting upon t e rear end of said'link, allird a slide 1n the form of a screw threaded into said fitting and having a head toengage 'the pendent dog-rocker-arm to. drive the same.

19. In a typewriting machine having a carriage and escapement-mechanism therefor, includin a dog-rocker and an operating arm pendent rom saiddogrocker,andalsohaving a system of key-levers, the combination of a transverse rock-shaft beneath the key-levers,

a space-key mounted upon said arms and extending upwardly from said rock-shaftilal upstanding arm on said rock-shaft, a extending rearwardly from said arm, a {ittin upon the rear end of said link, and a f sli e in the form of a screw threaded into said tting and having a head to en ge the pendent dog-rocker arm to drive t e same, said slide movable in a mount which is threaded into a portion of the frame-work and is rovided with a head to serveas an adjusta le sto for said pendent arm.

, IAM F. HELMOND.

le axially through a screw which v 

